Allergic Rhinitis

  • What is allergic rhinitis?
  • Allergic Rhinitis is a condition characterized by nasal blockage and sneezing attacks. Hay fever is an example of allergic rhinitis. Common allergies include grass and tree pollen, house dust mites and animal fur. Allergic rhinitis often goes undertreated and can cause disturbed sleep patterns.
  • What happens?
  • The lining of the nose is sensitive in people with allergic rhinitis. This causes swelling and increases mucus production. The swelling of the nose leads to nasal blockage and the excess mucus production leads to sneezing and watery discharge from the nose or eyes, as well as headaches and facial discomfort. The symptoms mentioned above can be seasonal, or can occur all year round.

    • DIAGNOSIS

    CLINICAL HISTORY

  • One of the first steps in diagnosing allergic rhinitis is to try and identify the allergen/substance causing the allergic reaction. It is also important to see if there is a family history of allergic conditions.
    If you are able to identify what you are allergic to, you may be able to avoid it. This however can be very difficult to do.

    • EXAMINATION

  • The doctor will complete an ear, nose and throat examination. Special attention will be given nose, as this is the area which is affected most.
    SKIN TESTS (prick testing)

    Doctors can perform skin tests, to identity specific allergens. These results can give an indication into the causes of allergic rhinitis, but cannot be swelling upon for specific nasal (nose) allergies.

    • TREATMENT

  • TOPICAL STEROIDS
  • Many people will be given this type of medication and the symptoms may take a week to clear with regular use of medication.
  • ANTIHISTAMINES
  • These may be given in many forms to ease the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Antihistamines can be given topically (directly on the affected area) or systemically (orally).
  • TIPS
  • Avoid smoky environments, paints and air pollutants. To reduce house gust mites, regular vacuuming and washing of furniture and toys can be helpful. It is suggested that pets such as cats and dogs should not be kept. If you have them already, weekly washing and cleaning their bedding helps reduce animal fur. Pollen avoidance try keeping windows closed and wear sunglasses outside to give some protection. Avoid walking in parks in the morning and evening when pollen counts are high.
  • WHAT IS THE ROLE OF SURGERY IN ALLERGIC RHINITS?
  • Allergy cannot be cured by surgery. Structural problems in the nose such as a deviated nasal septum, enlargement of nasal turbintates or polyps and obstructed sinus openings will make the symptoms worse. If the structural problem is corrected by surgery, the allergy can be better controlled with medication and the symptoms cured.